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Low levels of vitamin B12 can also affect mental health. Some studies suggest that B12 is involved in the production of brain chemicals that regulate mood. People with low levels sometimes report irritability, mood swings, or symptoms of depression.
7. Smooth or Swollen Tongue
A swollen, inflamed, or unusually smooth tongue can be a sign of vitamin B12 deficiency. Small bumps on the tongue may disappear, giving it a shiny or reddish appearance. Some people also experience a burning sensation or discomfort in the mouth.
8. Vision Problems
In rare cases, prolonged vitamin B12 deficiency can affect the optic nerve, which transmits visual signals from the eyes to the brain. This can lead to blurred vision or visual disturbances. Although uncommon, it is a sign that should never be ignored.
9. Balance and coordination problems
If vitamin B12 deficiency is left untreated, it can affect the nervous system and cause balance or coordination problems. Some people may feel unsteady when walking or experience unusual clumsiness.
Why does vitamin B12 deficiency occur?
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused by several reasons. Older adults often absorb less B12 from food. People who follow strict vegetarian or vegan diets may also have lower intakes, as B12 is found primarily in animal products such as meat, eggs, and dairy. Certain digestive conditions can also interfere with absorption.