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Warts are one of the most common skin conditions, affecting millions of people of all ages. Although they are usually harmless, they can be uncomfortable, embarrassing, or even painful depending on where they appear. Because many skin growths look similar, people often assume every bump is just a wart and try treating it themselves. However, understanding the different types of warts—and knowing when professional medical advice is needed—can help prevent unnecessary complications.
Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which enters the skin through tiny cuts or scratches. Once inside, the virus causes extra skin cells to grow, forming the familiar rough bumps. HPV spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact or by touching contaminated surfaces such as locker room floors, swimming pool areas, or shared towels. Not everyone exposed to the virus develops warts, as the body’s immune response plays a major role.
The most common type is the common wart, which usually appears on the fingers, hands, or around the nails. These warts have a rough, raised surface and may contain tiny black dots, which are actually small clotted blood vessels. While they are generally painless, they can become irritated if they frequently rub against clothing or tools.
Plantar warts develop on the soles of the feet. Unlike other warts, they often grow inward because of the pressure created while walking or standing. They may feel like stepping on a small stone and can make walking uncomfortable. People who regularly use public swimming pools, gym locker rooms, or communal showers may have a higher risk of developing plantar warts.